Review Article

Current updates on HIV-related pulmonary disease in children: What do radiologists and clinicians need to know?

Tracy Kilborn, Winnie C.W. Chu, K.M. Das, Bernard Laya, Edward Y. Lee
South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 19, No 2 | a928 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v19i2.928 | © 2015 Tracy Kilborn, Winnie C.W. Chu, K.M. Das, Bernard Laya, Edward Y. Lee | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 14 August 2015 | Published: 11 December 2015

About the author(s)

Tracy Kilborn, Department of Paediatric Radiology, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Winnie C.W. Chu, Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
K.M. Das, Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates (UAE) University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Bernard Laya, Institute of Radiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center–Quezon City and Global City, Philippines
Edward Y. Lee, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States of America

Abstract

Despite substantial advances in diagnosis and treatment, pulmonary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children particularly those who live in developing countries. This article provides an up-to-date review on underlying etiology, often characteristic imaging findings and current management of pulmonary HIV infection in infants and children. Increased understanding of clinical and unique imaging findings of pulmonary HIV infection has a great potential for early and accurate diagnosis which, in turn, can eventually improve pediatric patient care.

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