Review Article

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children

Nasreen Mahomed, Gary Reubenson
South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 21, No 2 | a1257 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v21i2.1257 | © 2017 Nasreen Mahomed, Gary Reubenson | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 24 July 2017 | Published: 14 November 2017

About the author(s)

Nasreen Mahomed, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Gary Reubenson, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa

Abstract

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) refers to a collection of inflammatorydisorders, predominantly related to infectious processes that manifest after the initiation ofantiretroviral therapy (ART) and can be classified as unmasking or paradoxical. The prevalenceof IRIS in children in sub-Saharan Africa is low. Approximately half of all cases are associatedwith Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It may be difficult to distinguish IRIS from tuberculosis andother opportunistic infections radiologically; therefore, radiological findings must be interpretedwith clinical and laboratory findings. In this review article, we describe the clinical andradiological manifestations of IRIS in children and provide illustrative radiological examples.

Keywords

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; children; antiretroviral therapy

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Crossref Citations

1. Tuberculosis revisted: classic imaging findings in childhood
Nasreen Mahomed, Tracy Kilborn, Elsabe Jacoba Smit, Winnie Chiu Wing Chu, Catherine Yee Man Young, Nonceba Koranteng, Joanna Kasznia-Brown, Abbey J. Winant, Edward Y. Lee, Kushaljit Singh Sodhi
Pediatric Radiology  vol: 53  issue: 9  first page: 1799  year: 2023  
doi: 10.1007/s00247-023-05648-z